{"id":"th-ayutthaya-industrial","name":"Industrial estate, Ayutthaya","country":"TH","asset_type":"industrial","lon":100.58,"lat":14.35,"why_included":"Industrial estates here were under water for weeks in the 2011 Chao Phraya floods","metrics":{"flood_riverine":{"status":"ok","unit":"m","source":"wri_floods_v2","baseline":{"scenario":"historical","year":1980,"depth_by_rp":{"2":0,"5":0.05,"10":0.09,"25":0.13,"50":0.17,"100":0.2,"250":0.24,"500":0.27,"1000":0.31},"dataset_path":"inundation/wri/v2/inunriver_historical_000000000WATCH_1980","models":null,"depth_by_rp_min":null,"depth_by_rp_max":null},"future":{"scenario":"rcp8p5","year":2050,"depth_by_rp":{"2":0.03,"5":0.13,"10":0.28,"25":0.46,"50":0.59,"100":0.72,"250":0.88,"500":1.01,"1000":1.14},"dataset_path":"inundation/wri/v2/inunriver_rcp8p5_{gcm}_2050","models":["GFDL-ESM2M","HadGEM2-ES","IPSL-CM5A-LR","MIROC-ESM-CHEM","NorESM1-M"],"depth_by_rp_min":{"2":0.01,"5":0.03,"10":0.15,"25":0.33,"50":0.47,"100":0.6,"250":0.76,"500":0.89,"1000":1.01},"depth_by_rp_max":{"2":0.05,"5":0.17,"10":0.36,"25":0.58,"50":0.75,"100":0.91,"250":1.12,"500":1.28,"1000":1.44}},"neighbourhood":{"cells":5,"baseline_rp100_max_m":0.35,"future_rp100_max_m":0.73},"note":"Undefended depth in the asset's ~1 km cell; flood defences are not modelled. Future is the median of 5 CMIP5 GCMs (min and max given)."},"flood_coastal":{"status":"ok","unit":"m","source":"wri_floods_v2","baseline":{"scenario":"historical","year":1980,"depth_by_rp":{"2":0,"5":0,"10":0,"25":0,"50":0,"100":0,"250":0,"500":0,"1000":0},"dataset_path":"inundation/wri/v2/inuncoast_historical_nosub_hist_0","models":null,"depth_by_rp_min":null,"depth_by_rp_max":null},"future":{"scenario":"rcp8p5","year":2050,"depth_by_rp":{"2":0,"5":0,"10":0,"25":0,"50":0,"100":0,"250":0,"500":0,"1000":0},"dataset_path":"inundation/wri/v2/inuncoast_rcp8p5_wtsub_2050_0_perc_50","models":null,"depth_by_rp_min":null,"depth_by_rp_max":null},"neighbourhood":{"cells":5,"baseline_rp100_max_m":0,"future_rp100_max_m":0},"note":"No modelled coastal inundation in this cell or within about 2 km at any return period.","variant":"wtsub: with projected land subsidence; 50th-percentile sea-level rise","future_without_subsidence":{"scenario":"rcp8p5","year":2050,"depth_by_rp":{"2":0,"5":0,"10":0,"25":0,"50":0,"100":0,"250":0,"500":0,"1000":0},"dataset_path":"inundation/wri/v2/inuncoast_rcp8p5_nosub_2050_0_perc_50","models":null,"depth_by_rp_min":null,"depth_by_rp_max":null}},"heat":{"status":"ok","unit":"days/year with mean temperature above 30 °C","source":"osc_heat_v2","threshold_c":30,"baseline":{"scenario":"historical","year":2005,"median":108,"min":91.6,"max":115.4,"models":6,"period":"1995-2015 average (physrisk label 2005)","by_model":{"ACCESS-CM2":111.7,"CMCC-ESM2":115.4,"CNRM-CM6-1":104.3,"MIROC6":91.6,"MPI-ESM1-2-LR":112.6,"NorESM2-MM":101.7},"dataset_path":"chronic_heat/osc/v2/days_tas_above_30c_{gcm}_historical_2005"},"future":{"scenario":"ssp585","year":2050,"median":252.1,"min":219.7,"max":303.4,"models":6,"period":"2040-2060 average (physrisk label 2050)","by_model":{"ACCESS-CM2":303.4,"CMCC-ESM2":228.1,"CNRM-CM6-1":287.1,"MIROC6":226.9,"MPI-ESM1-2-LR":219.7,"NorESM2-MM":276},"dataset_path":"chronic_heat/osc/v2/days_tas_above_30c_{gcm}_ssp585_2050"},"note":"Point value from the 0.25° (~28 km) cell containing the asset; median, min and max across the CMIP6 GCMs available."},"water_stress":{"status":"ok","source":"wri_water_v2","baseline":{"scenario":"historical","year":1999,"value":0.805,"category":"Extremely high","category_code":4,"dataset_path":"water_risk/wri/v2/water_stress_historical_1999"},"future":{"scenario":"ssp585","year":2050,"value":1.154,"category":"Extremely high","category_code":4,"dataset_path":"water_risk/wri/v2/water_stress_ssp585_2050"},"note":"Sub-basin value read from the ~9 km cell containing the asset."},"vegetation":{"status":"ok","source":"s2_l2a","ndvi_median":0.244,"window":"2026-01-01/2026-09-30","scenes":5,"scene_ids":["S2B_T47PPR_20260105T035016_L2A","S2A_T47PPR_20260112T034910_L2A","S2B_T47PPR_20260115T034958_L2A","S2C_T47PPR_20260301T034622_L2A","S2B_T47PPR_20260405T035122_L2A"],"buffer_m":500,"land_pixel_share":0.942,"water_share":0.058,"note":"Median over 7406 land pixels (10 m) in the 500 m buffer; per-pixel median of 5 scenes on tile MGRS-47PPR, 2026-01-05 to 2026-04-05."},"protected_area":{"status":"ok","source":"osm_protected","nearest_km":18.7,"name":"Wat Tan En Non-Hunting Area","osm_id":"way/891529893","search_radius_km":25,"inside":false,"osm_tags":{"boundary":"protected_area","protect_class":"4"},"note":"Nearest nature protected area in OSM; counted as nature on protect_class=4. Excluded as non-nature: 1 OSM area(s) in range."}},"flags":["Riverine flood: the five GCMs disagree on 2050 RP100 depth (0.60 to 0.91 m).","Protected area: Historic City of Ayutthaya at 1.3 km is excluded as not a nature area: social or cultural protection (protect_class=22)."],"illustrative_exposure_sgd_m":110,"sources":{"wri_floods_v2":{"name":"WRI Aqueduct Floods v2 (via OS-Climate physrisk)","provider":"World Resources Institute with Deltares, VU Amsterdam IVM, Utrecht University and PBL; Zarr copy hosted by OS-Climate on AWS Open Data","licence":"CC BY 4.0 (WRI open data default); the AWS Open Data registry entry for the physrisk store states no restrictions on use","attribution":"WRI Aqueduct Floods (2020), accessed via OS-Climate physrisk","url":"https://www.wri.org/data/aqueduct-floods-hazard-maps","resolution":"30 arc-seconds (~1 km); single cell at the asset point","notes":"Undefended inundation depth in metres by return period (2 to 1000 years); flood protection is not modelled. Released 2020, not updated since. Riverine baseline: WATCH reanalysis forcing (array inunriver_historical_000000000WATCH_1980). Riverine future: RCP8.5 2050, median, min and max per return period across the five CMIP5 GCMs in the store (GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, NorESM1-M; array names left-pad GCM ids with zeros to 14 characters). Baseline and future riverine runs use different climate forcing, so part of any change is model difference rather than climate signal. Coastal: historical baseline (no subsidence; physrisk labels it 1980) vs RCP8.5 2050 with land subsidence at the 50th-percentile sea-level rise; the same future without subsidence is reported alongside. Scenario family: CMIP5 RCPs, unlike heat and water stress (CMIP6 SSPs), so RCP8.5 here and SSP5-8.5 there are related but not identical pathways. -9999 is an in-band no-data sentinel (common on coastline and water cells); 0.0 means no modelled inundation and is also the array fill value."},"osc_heat_v2":{"name":"OS-Climate chronic heat indicators v2: days above a mean-temperature threshold","provider":"OS-Climate (physrisk), derived from NASA NEX-GDDP-CMIP6","licence":"NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 is CC0 1.0; the AWS Open Data registry entry for the physrisk store states no restrictions on use","attribution":"OS-Climate physrisk; NASA Earth Exchange NEX-GDDP-CMIP6","url":"https://registry.opendata.aws/os-climate-physrisk/","resolution":"0.25 degree (~28 km); single cell at the asset point","notes":"Days per year on which daily mean near-surface air temperature (tas) exceeds 30 °C. Same threshold for every asset. physrisk describes the historical value as an average over 1995-2015 (labelled 2005) and 2050 as 2040-2060. Six CMIP6 GCMs: ACCESS-CM2, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6-1, MIROC6, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, NorESM2-MM; we report the median, min and max across them. ACCESS-CM2 and CNRM-CM6-1 have climate sensitivities above the IPCC AR6 likely range, so the max is likely high. Daily mean, not daily maximum; a 28 km cell has no urban heat island. Scenario family: CMIP6 SSP5-8.5."},"wri_water_v2":{"name":"WRI Aqueduct 4.0 baseline and future water stress (via OS-Climate physrisk)","provider":"World Resources Institute (PCR-GLOBWB 2 hydrology, Utrecht University); raster copy by OS-Climate","licence":"CC BY 4.0","attribution":"Source: WRI Aqueduct 4.0 (2023), accessed via OS-Climate physrisk","url":"https://www.wri.org/data/aqueduct-global-maps-40-data","resolution":"HydroBASINS level-6 sub-basins rasterised to 5 arc-minutes (~9 km); single cell at the asset point","notes":"Water stress = gross water demand / available renewable blue water (a ratio, not a percentage). Baseline labelled 1999 (Aqueduct 4.0 baseline period 1979-2019). Future: SSP5-8.5 2050, which WRI calls 'pessimistic' (its business-as-usual is SSP3-7.0). WRI categories: Low < 0.1, Low-medium 0.1-0.2, Medium-high 0.2-0.4, High 0.4-0.8, Extremely high > 0.8, plus 'Arid and low water use' (code -1). Category is read from the dataset's own category array and checked against these thresholds. Basin-level indicator: it says nothing about a site's own supply arrangements. Scenario family: CMIP6 SSPs."},"s2_l2a":{"name":"Sentinel-2 Collection 1 Level-2A surface reflectance (Earth Search)","provider":"ESA Copernicus; Cloud-Optimised GeoTIFFs and STAC by Element 84 on AWS","licence":"Copernicus Sentinel data legal notice (free, full and open access)","attribution":"Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026","url":"https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-c1-l2a","resolution":"10 m (B04 red, B08 NIR); 20 m scene classification (SCL)","notes":"NDVI = (NIR - red) / (NIR + red) on surface reflectance after the per-item scale and offset in raster:bands (scale 0.0001, offset -0.1 on every band read). Window 2026-01-01/2026-09-30, one MGRS tile per asset. Candidate scenes are sorted by scene cloud cover; a scene is used when at least 50% of the 500 m buffer is clear (SCL 4 vegetation, 5 not vegetated or 6 water); at most 5 scenes. NDVI uses land pixels only (SCL 4 or 5): per-pixel median across scenes, then the median over buffer pixels. Dropped SCL classes: 0 no data, 1 saturated, 2 dark area, 3 cloud shadow, 7 unclassified, 8-9 cloud, 10 cirrus, 11 snow. SCL misses thin cloud and haze, and clear scenes cluster in the dry season."},"osm_protected":{"name":"OpenStreetMap nature protected areas (Overpass API)","provider":"OpenStreetMap contributors","licence":"Open Database Licence (ODbL) 1.0","attribution":"© OpenStreetMap contributors","url":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright","resolution":"Vector boundaries drawn by mappers; accuracy varies","notes":"Nearest nature protected area within 25 km, for TNFD 'ecologically sensitive location' screening. Candidates are elements tagged boundary=protected_area, boundary=national_park or leisure=nature_reserve (boundary=national_park is included because many national parks, such as Tanjung Puting, carry only that tag). Kept: protect_class 1a, 1b, 1-7 or 97-99; without a protect_class, leisure=nature_reserve, boundary=national_park (unless it is also a leisure=park with no nature designation), or boundary=protected_area whose protection_title or designation names nature protection. Dropped: protect_class 11-19 (resource protection; 12 water protection matters for water risk but is not a biodiversity designation) and 21-29 (social and cultural, e.g. 22 heritage), even when also tagged as a nature reserve. Distance is computed in an azimuthal equidistant projection centred on the asset, which preserves distance from the centre; 0 when the point is inside. OSM coverage is uneven and is not an official register; WDPA is the reference dataset but its licence bars commercial use. OSM data as of 2026-10-25T04:03:16Z to 2026-10-25T04:35:47Z (Overpass timestamp_osm_base)."}}}